TDM Exception or Limitation – Methodology of Implementation in the EU Member States: Creating Cohesion or Diversion?

This article examines the margin of appreciation of the EU Member States on the choice and formulation of the E&Ls when implementing them into their national law. It does so, firstly by explaining the methods and terminology used to assess implementation of directives. It then continues with the cartography of E&Ls prior to and after the enactment of the DSM Directive in the research sector. Finally, this article concludes with remarks on the future viability of the TDM exception.